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<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://soundcloud.com/statistics-rwanda/rphc-2012-audio-for-training"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Audio for the Training (MP3)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Audio for the Training (MP3)]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, HTML [text/html]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Audio [aud]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This audio was developed by Core  Master  Trainers  from NISR  as a   training  material.  The quality of the training was ensured by the use of standard materials including the CDs.]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rhpc-2012-coding manual-20120410.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Population and Housing Census Coding Manual]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Population and Housing Census Coding Manual]]></dc:title><dcterms:created>2012-04-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the code list for the census]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rhpc-2012-isco-codes.xls"><rdf:label><![CDATA[ISCO Codes]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[ISCO Codes]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, Microsoft Excel [application/msexcel]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the occupations code list for the census, in English and Kinyarwanda]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-isic-kiny.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-03-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the industries code list for the census, in Kinyarwanda]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rphc-2012-institution-eng-20120222.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Census questionnaire (institutional household)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Census questionnaire (institutional household)]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-02-22</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the questionnaire for institutions]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rphc-2012-institution-kiny-20120314.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Urutonde rw'ibibazwa mu ibarura rusange (ikigo gituwe)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Urutonde rw'ibibazwa mu ibarura rusange (ikigo gituwe)]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the questionnaire for institutions in Kinyarwanda]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rphc-2012-hh-eng-20120221.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Census questionnaire (private household)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Census questionnaire (private household)]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-02-21</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the household questionnaire]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="q-rphc-2012-hh-kiny-20120221.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Urutonde rw'ibibazwa mu ibarura rusange (urugo rusanzwe)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Urutonde rw'ibibazwa mu ibarura rusange (urugo rusanzwe)]]></dc:title><dcterms:created>2012-02-21</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Questionnaire [doc/qst]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-provisional-results.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Housing Census: Provisional results]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Housing Census: Provisional results]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-11-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the provisional report of the findings of the census]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[FOREWORD   1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  4
I.   INTRODUCTION   5
I.4.1    Census Mapping   7
I.4.2    Pilot Census   7
I.4.3    Questionnaires and manuals  7
I.4.4    Publicity and Sensitisation   7
I.4.5    Recruitment and Training of Field Staff  8
I.4.6    Field Enumeration  8
I.4.7    Post-Enumeration Activities  9
II.   PRESENTATION OF THE PROVISIONAL RESULTS   10
II.2.1   “Census Night”  10
II.2.2   Resident Population  11
II.2.3   Population Density   11
II.2.4   Sex Ratio   11
II.2.5   Average intercensal growth rate   11
II.3.1   Population Size and Distribution by Province   11
II.3.2   Annual Rate of Population Growth by Province   12
II.3.3   Sex Composition of the Population by Province   13
II.3.4   Population Density by Province   14
II.4.1   Kigali City   15
II.4.2   Southern Province   18
II.4.3   Western Province  18
III. CONCLUSION   22
ANNEXES:  23]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-main-indicators-report.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Housing Census: Main Indicators Report (Final Results)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Housing Census: Main Indicators Report (Final Results)]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the final report for the census]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[FOREWORD…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………XI 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………...…….XIII 
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................................................. I 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... III 
LIST OF TABLES   ........................................................................................................................................... IV 
LIST OF FIGURES   .......................................................................................................................................... VIII 
I.  OVERVIEW OF THE FOURTH RWANDA POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS ................................................ 1 
1.1  Context and justification ...................................................................................................... 1 
1.2  Legal and institutional frameworks....................................................................................... 1 
1.3  Census phases .................................................................................................................... 2 
II.  POPULATION SIZE, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION SINCE 1978 ............................... 3 
2.1  Size and Spatial Distribution of the Population .................................................................... 3 
2.2  Evolution of the size and spatial distribution of the population between 1978 and 2012 ...... 9 
2.3  Age-Sex Structure of the Population .................................................................................. 10 
2.4  Migration ........................................................................................................................... 12 
III.  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION ............................................................................................... 16 
3.1  Socio-Cultural Characteristics of the Population ................................................................ 16 
3.2  Educational Characteristics of the Population .................................................................... 18 
3.3  Economic Activity and Labour Force Participation ............................................................. 28 
3.4  Marital Status, Fertility and Mortality Indicators ................................................................. 35 
3.5  Access to Medical Insurance ............................................................................................. 45 
IV.  NUMBER, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, TYPOLOGY AND SIZE OF THE PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS ........................... 48 
4.1  Number and Spatial Distribution of the Population ............................................................. 48 
4.2  Percentage of Private Households Headed by Women ..................................................... 50 
4.3  Size of the Private Households and Residential Promiscuity ............................................. 52 
V.  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOUSING UNITS USED BY THE PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS ..................................... 57 
5.1  Type of Habitat and Tenure of the Housing Units .............................................................. 57 
5.2  Main Material used for the Roof, Walls and Floor of the Housing Units ............................. 62 
5.3  Water, Sanitation and Energy in the Housing Units ........................................................... 68 
5.4  Assets Owned by the Private Households ......................................................................... 82 
5.5  Access to Internet .............................................................................................................. 84 
5.6  Livestock Owned by the Private Households ..................................................................... 88 
VI.  SUB-POPULATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 96 
6.1  Children (0-17 years) ......................................................................................................... 96 
6.2  Youth (14-35 years) ......................................................................................................... 106 
6.3  Women ............................................................................................................................ 115 
6.4  Elderly ............................................................................................................................. 124 
6.5  People with Disabilities .................................................................................................... 134 
VII.  POPULATIONS PROJECTIONS ............................................................................................................. 139 
7.1  Projections of the size of the total, urban and rural populations ....................................... 139 
7.2  Projections of the population density ............................................................................... 141 
7.4  Projections of some key fertility indicators ....................................................................... 143 
7.5  Projections of some key mortality indicators .................................................................... 144]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-Population-Projections.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Housing Census: Population Projections]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Housing Census: Population Projections]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-06-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[The  results  from  this  population  projections publication  demonstrate  evidence that  in  the  next  20  years Rwandan population will be considerably different in terms of size, structure and composition than it is currently.]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[Table of Contents 
List of Tables  vii 
List of Figures  ix 
List of Abbreviations  x 
Foreword                                                                                                                                          xiii 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                          xv 
Executive Summary  xvii 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Justification and objectives of the population projections  3 
2.1 Context  3 
2.2 Justification of the population projections  3 
2.3 Objectives of the population projections  5 
2.3.1 Overall Objective  5 
2.3.2 Specific Objectives  5 
2.4 Definition of concepts and key indicators  5 
Chapter 3: Analysis of the national demographic context  8 
3.1 Source of data  8 
3.2 Size and age-sex structure of the population  8 
3.3 Population dynamics indicators  9 
3.3.1 Levels and trends of fertility  9 
3.3.2 Levels and trends of mortality  10 
3.3.3 Levels and trends of migration  11 
Chapter 4: Projections parameters, assumptions and scenarios  12 
4.1 Projections parameters  12 
4.1.1 Total, urban and rural population  12 
4.1.2 Fertility  13 
4.1.3 Mortality  14 
4.2 Projections assumptions  15 
4.2.1 Fertility  15 
4.2.2 Mortality  16 
4.2.3 International Migration  17 
4.3 Scenarios of projections  17 
4.4 Method of projections  17 
Chapter 5: Projections of the total population  20 
5.1 Population size  20 
5.2 Population growth  21 
5.3 Population density  22 
5.4 Age-sex structure of the population  23 
5.5 Fertility indicators  27 
5.6 Mortality indicators  30 
Chapter 6: Projections of the urban population  32 
6.1 Assessment of the current official target on urbanization  32 
6.2 Size of the urban population  33 
6.3 Age-sex structure of the urban population  33 
6.4 Density of the urban population  36 
Chapter 7: Projections of the rural population  37 
7.1 Size of the rural population  37 
7.2 Age-sex structure of the rural population  37 
7.3 Density of the rural population  40 
Chapter 8: Projections of specific interventions target groups  41 
8.1 School-age population  41 
8.2 Working-age population  42 
8.3 Elderly population  43 
8.4 Other specific interventions target groups  44 
Chapter 9: Projections of the private households  47 
9.1 Evolution of the number and size of the private households  47 
9.2 Newly created private households  48 
Conclusion  50 
Policy implications  52 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  55 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  55 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  56 
A.2.1 Census mapping  56 
A.2.2 Pilot Census  56 
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals  56 
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  57 
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff  57 
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration  58 
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities  59 
A.3  Data quality assessment  60 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  61 
B.1  Private households: person record  62 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  66 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  67 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  70 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  70 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  72 
C.3  Education  73 
C.4  Employment/economic activity  74 
C.5  Socio-cultural characteristics  75 
Annex C: Supplementary tables  76]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-data-quality-assessment.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Housing Census: Data Quality Assessment]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Housing Census: Data Quality Assessment]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This report assesses data quality of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census (RPHC4) conducted in 2012]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of abbreviations  viii 
Foreword                                                                                                                                          ix 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                        xi  
Executive summary  xiii 
Introduction  1 
Chapter 1: Pre-enumeration phase  3 
1.1  Development and testing of the questionnaire (validity; measurement errors)  4 
1.2  Creation and mapping of the enumeration areas (coverage errors)  5 
1.3  Census Pilot  7 
1.4  Enumerator training (measurement errors; coverage errors; response errors)  8 
1.5  Creation of the enumeration lists within each EA (coverage errors)  10 
1.6  Listing institutional households (coverage errors)  10 
Chapter 2: Enumeration phase  12 
2.1 Fieldwork management (response errors; measurement errors)  12 
2.2 Enumerating institutional households (response errors; measurement errors)  14 
Chapter 3: Post phase  15 
3.1 Data coding (processing error)  15 
3.2 Data entry  15 
3.3 Data editing and imputation for item non-response  16 
3.4 Concluding remarks on the post phase  18 
Chapter 4: Evaluation of representation  19 
4.1 Design and conduct of the PES  19 
4.2 Approach to estimation of coverage  20 
4.3 Summary results of coverage assessment  21 
Chapter 5: Evaluation of measurement and representation  23 
Conclusions and lessons learnt for the next census  38 
References  41 
Annex A  Census questionnaire  42 
A.1  Private households: person record  43 
A.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  47 
A.3  Institutional households: person record  48 
Annex B  RPHC4 edit specifications (version August 2013)  51 
Annex C  RPHC4 imputation report (version August 2013)  63]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-publication-tables.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Hosuing Census: Publication Tables]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Fourth Population and Hosuing Census: Publication Tables]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[These are tables from 2012 Rwanda Population and  Housing Census i]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012- atlas.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census Atlas]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census Atlas]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-06-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the Census Atlas]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... I 
FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................................... II 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. V 
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................................ VII 
LIST OF MAPS .............................................................................................................................................. IX 
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................ XI 
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 
1.  OVERVIEW OF THE FOURTH POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS ............................................................ 1 
2.  GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE ........................................................................................................................... 1 
3.  ORGANIZATION AND CONTENT ................................................................................................................... 1 
I.  ADMNISTRATIVE STRUCTURE .......................................................................................................... 2 
II.  PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................................... 6 
III. SOCIO ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURES ........................................................................................ 9 
IV. THEMATIC INDICATORS ................................................................................................................... 43 
1.  POPULATION SIZE,STRUCTURE  AND DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................... 43 
2.  MIGRATION ............................................................................................................................................... 49 
3.  ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE ........................................................... 52 
4.  NON-MONETARY POVERTY ...................................................................................................................... 55 
5.  EDUCATION ............................................................................................................................................... 58 
6.  GENDER STATUS ....................................................................................................................................... 62 
7.  SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES .................................................................... 66 
8.  SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF CHILDREN ................................................................................................. 70 
9.  SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUTH ..................................................................................... 72 
10. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF AGED PEOPLE ........................................................................................... 75 
11. HOUSING ................................................................................................................................................... 79 
REFERENCE .................................................................................................................................................. 87]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-post-enumeration-survey.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Post Enumeration Survey]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Post Enumeration Survey]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the post enumeration survey report which examines the results, the procedures and operations used in undertaking the 2012 Population and Housing Census of Rwanda are necessary to provide both the  producer  (NISR)  and  the  users  of  the  data  with  information  needed to  assess  census quality.]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………………..v 
Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... x 
Introduction                1 
Chapter 1: Survey methodology .............................................................................................................. 3 
1.1 Procedures of coverage analysis in a PES. ...................................................................... 3 
1.2 Questionnaire design ........................................................................................................ 4 
1.3 Pilot Survey ...................................................................................................................... 5 
1.4 Sample design, weighting and estimation methods........................................................... 5 
1.5 Training Manual Preparation ........................................................................................... 11 
1.6 Recruitment and training of field personnel ..................................................................... 11 
1.7 Data collection ................................................................................................................ 11 
1.8 Matching operations ....................................................................................................... 12 
1.9 Field reconciliation visits and telephone contacts ............................................................ 14 
1.10 Data entry, editing and result extraction ........................................................................ 14 
Chapter 2: Evaluation of census coverage .......................................................................................... 16 
2.1 Definitions of relevant concepts ...................................................................................... 16 
2.2. Net Coverage Rate ........................................................................................................ 17 
2.3 Census Omissions Rate ................................................................................................. 18 
2.4 Match Rate ..................................................................................................................... 19 
2.5 Rate of Erroneous Inclusions .......................................................................................... 20 
2.6 Gross Coverage Error Rate per Unit Enumeration .......................................................... 21 
Chapter 3: Evaluation of content error .................................................................................................. 23 
3.1 Measures of Content Error .............................................................................................. 23 
3.2 Main findings of Content error evaluation ........................................................................ 24 
3.2.1 Sex ........................................................................................................................... 24 
3.2.2 Age ........................................................................................................................... 25 
3.2.3 Marital status: ........................................................................................................... 25 
3.2.4 The ability to read and write in different languages: .................................................. 25 
3.2.5 Type of bathing facility available to household: ......................................................... 26 
ANNEX I: Survey Questionnaire ............................................................................................................ 32 
ANNEX II: Estimates, Sampling Error, Confidence Interval, Coefficient of Variation and Design 
effects of Coverage Measures ...................................................................................... 37 
ANNEX III: Formulae of Estimating Confidence Interval of Content Error Measures ................... 42 
ANNEX IV: The total estimates along with precision values of various data items incorporated in 
measuring the coverage error ....................................................................................... 44 
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 61]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-bronchure.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[2012 Population and Housing Census Brochure]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[2012 Population and Housing Census Brochure]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is a brochure used in the  census dissemination]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012- population-size.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Population Size, Structure and Distribution]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Population Size, Structure and Distribution]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is a census report on Population size, structure and distribution of the population]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[Table of contents ..................................................................................................................... v 
List of tables ............................................................................................................................vii 
List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................ix 
Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………………xi 
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………..xiii  
Executive summary .................................................................................................................xi 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census .................... 1 
1.1 Context and justification .................................................................................................... 1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks .................................................................................... 1 
1.3 Census phases ................................................................................................................. 2 
Chapter 2: Context and objectives ......................................................................................... 3 
2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 3 
2.2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 3 
2.3 Definitions and concepts ................................................................................................... 4 
Chapter 3: Enumerated and resident population: size, evolution, type of household and 
spatial distribution ............................................................................................................ 6 
3.1 Enumerated population by residence status ..................................................................... 6 
3.2 Enumerated population by type of household and residence status.................................. 6 
3.3 Evolution of the resident population, 1978–2012 .............................................................. 7 
3.4 Resident population by type of household ........................................................................ 7 
3.4.1 Private households and their corresponding population ............................................. 8 
3.5 Resident population by sex and area of residence ............................................................ 9 
3.6 Resident population by provinces an District ...................................................................11 
3.7 Population density ...........................................................................................................14 
3.7.1 Physical population density .......................................................................................14 
3.7.2 Physiological density .................................................................................................16 
Chapter 4: Age-sex structure of the population ...................................................................19 
4.1 Resident population by five-year age group .....................................................................19 
4.2 Pyramids for the urban and rural populations, 2012 .........................................................20 
4.3 Sex ratio ..........................................................................................................................21 
4.4 Mean and median age of population ................................................................................23 
4.4.1 Mean and median ages by provinces ........................................................................23 
4.4.2 Mean and median ages by district .............................................................................24 
4.5 Age dependency ratio ......................................................................................................25 
4.6 Age groups of specific significance ..................................................................................27 
Chapter 5: Nationality of resident population .......................................................................28 
Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................30 
References ..............................................................................................................................31 
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment ..........................32 
Annex B   Census questionnaire ...........................................................................................38 
B.1 Private households: person record ..................................................................................39 
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record ............................................43 
B.3 Institutional households: person record ...........................................................................44 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions .................................................................48 
Annex D  Supplementary tables ...........................................................................................56 
Annex E Sector-level tables ...................................................................................................69]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-disability.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Socio-economic Characteristics of Persons with Disability]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Socio-economic Characteristics of Persons with Disability]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is a thematic report about socio-economic characteristics of persons with disability]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of tables  vii 
List of figures  xi 
List of abbreviations  xii 
Foreword                                                                                                                                          xiii 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                         xv 
Executive summary  xvii 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1 Context  3 
2.2 Objectives  5 
2.3 Methodology  5 
2.3.1 Definition of concepts and key indicators  5 
2.3.2 Population analyzed in this report  7 
Chapter 3: Number, prevalence and causes of the different types of disability  9 
3.1 Number of resident population with a disability and prevalence of disabilities among the resident population  9 
3.2 Causes of disability  16 
3.3 Medical Insurance coverage of the population with disabilities  19 
Chapter 4: Demographic and social characteristics of persons with disabilities  20 
4.1 Age distribution and spatial distribution of persons with disabilities  20 
4.2 Marital status and nuptiality among persons with disabilities  22 
4.3 Fertility among women with disabilities  23 
4.4 Distribution of persons with disabilities by nationality and by religious affiliation  23 
Chapter 5: Educational characteristics of persons with disabilities  25 
5.1 Highest level of education attended among persons with disabilities  27 
5.2 Literacy among persons with disabilities  29 
Chapter 6: Economic activity among persons with disabilities  30 
6.1 Economic activity status and labour force participation  30 
6.2 Status in employment  33 
6.3 Institutional sector of employment  34 
6.4 Main occupation and main industry of persons with disabilities  35 
Chapter  7: Household  headship  among  persons  with  disabilities  and  the  living  conditions  of households headed by persons with disabilities  37 
7.1 Household headship rates among persons with disabilities  37 7.2 Characteristics  of  household  heads  with  disabilities  and  the  living  standards  of  their households  38 
Conclusion  44 
References  46 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  48 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  48 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  48 
A.2.1  Census mapping  48 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  49 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  49 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  49 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  50 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  51 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  51 
A.3  Data quality assessment  52 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  53 
B.1  Private households: person record  54 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  58 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  59 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  62 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  62 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  63 
C.3  Education  64 
C.4  Employment/economic activity  65 
C.5  Socio-cultural characteristics  66 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  67 
Annex E  Sector-level tables  99]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-education.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Educational Characteristics of the Population]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Educational Characteristics of the Population]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is a thematic report on Education]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of tables  iii 
List of figures  vi 
List of abbreviations  vii 
Foreword                                                                                                                                          ix 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                        xi 
Executive summary  xiii 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Objectives, context, and definition of concepts  3 
2.1 General introduction  3 
2.1.1  Structure of the Rwandan Education system  3 
2.1.2  Rwanda’s education policies and programs  4 
2.2 Context and justification  5 
2.3 Definition of main concepts  6 
Chapter 3: Highest levels of education attained  9 
3.1 Distribution of the population by highest level of school attained  9 
3.2 Spatial variations in the highest level of education attained  10 
3.3 Evolution in the highest level of education attained   between 1978 and 2012  12 
3.4 Variations in the highest level of school attained  by background characteristics of the 
population  12 
3.5 Highest degree/certificate obtained  18 
Chapter 4: Current school attendance  20 
4.1 Size, sex and area of residence of the population currently attending school  20 
4.2 The school-age population: Size, age–sex and spatial distribution  20 
4.3 Distribution of the school-age population according to school attendance status and 
selected background characteristics  21 
4.4 Distribution of the school age population by other household background characteristics  26 
4.5 School attendance rates  32 
4.6 School Life Expectancy  39 
Chapter 5: Literacy  41 
5.1 Distribution of the population aged 15 years and above by literacy and language of 
literacy  41 
5.2 Adult literacy rates by selected background characteristics  43 
Conclusion  46 
References  47 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  48 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  48 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  48 
A.2.1  Census mapping  48 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  49 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  49 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  49 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  50 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  51 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  51 
A.3  Data quality assessment  52 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  53 
B.1  Private households: person record  54 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  58 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  59 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  62 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  62 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  64 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  65 
C.4  Education  65 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  67 
C.6  Socio-cultural characteristics  68 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  69 
Annex E  Sector-level tables  94]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-Elderly.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Socio-economic Status of Elderly People]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Socio-economic Status of Elderly People]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is a thematic report about socio-economic characteristics of elderly people.]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of tables  vii 
List of figures  x 
List of abbreviations  xi 
Foreword                                                                                                                                        xiii 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                       xv  
Executive summary  xiii 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1  Context  3 
2.2  Justification and objectives of the study  4 
2.3  Data sources and methodology  5 
2.4  Operational definitions  5 
Chapter 3: Socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly  7 
3.1  Demographic size, age and sex structure of the elderly population  7 
3.1.1  Demographic size of the elderly population (aged 60 and above) in 2012  7 
3.1.2  Evolution of the elderly population since 1978  8 
3.1.3  Spatial distribution and age and sex structure of the elderly population  10 
3.2  Migration experience of elderly people  12 
3.3  Marital status of the elderly population  16 
3.4  Disability and Medical Insurance of elderly people  17 
Chapter 4: Socio-cultural background characteristics of elderly people  21 
4.1  The elderly by nationality  21 
4.2  Religious affiliation of elderly people  21 
Chapter 5: Socio-economic characteristics of the elderly and the living conditions of their households  23 
5.1.  Level of education and literacy among the elderly  23 
5.2  Economic activity among the elderly  25 
5.3  Household  headship  among  elderly  people,  characteristics  of  the  household  heads and living conditions of their households  29 
Conclusion  38 
References  40 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  42 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  42 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  42 
A.2.1  Census mapping  43 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  43 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  43 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  44 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  44 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  45 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  45 
A.3  Data quality assessment  46 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  47 
B.1  Private households: person record  48 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  52 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  53 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  56 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  56 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  57 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  58 
C.4  Education  58 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  59 
C.6  Socio-cultural characteristics  61 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  62 
Annex E  Sector-level tables  80]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-fertility.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Fertility]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Fertility]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is a thematic report on fertility]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. V 
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ VIII 
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ IX 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................ X 
FOREWORD………………………………………………………………………………………………...XI 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………………………..XIII 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. XV 
 
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE FOURTH RWANDA POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS
 ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 
1.1  Context and justification ....................................................................................................... 1 
1.2  Legal and institutional frameworks ....................................................................................... 1 
1.3  Census phases .................................................................................................................... 2 
CHAPTER 2: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ANALYSIS ................................................ 3 
2.1 Context .................................................................................................................................... 3 
2.1.1 Geographic context ............................................................................................................ 3 
2.1.2 Socio-cultural context ......................................................................................................... 4 
2.1.3 Economic and social context .............................................................................................. 5 
2.1.4 Demographic context .......................................................................................................... 5 
2.1.5 Policy context ..................................................................................................................... 7 
2.2 Justification and relevance of fertility analysis based on census data .............................. 9 
2.3 Objectives of the analysis .................................................................................................... 10 

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 11 
3.1 Definition of the main Concepts and key indicators .......................................................... 11 
3.2 Data collection method and information collected ............................................................. 13 
3.3 Data quality evaluation ......................................................................................................... 14 
3.3.1 Completeness of the reporting of births in the 12 months preceding the census ............... 14 
3.3.2 Completeness of the reporting of births in the 12 months preceding the census by sex.... 16 
3.3.3 Completeness of the reporting of children ever born (the Brass and Rachad test) ............ 16 
3.3.4 Completeness of the reporting of children ever born by women?s age-group .................... 16 
3.3.5 Completeness of the reporting of children ever born by sex ............................................. 17 
3.3.6 Implausible parities relative to women?s age ..................................................................... 18 
3.3.7 Evaluation of the percentage of women with not stated parity........................................... 20 
3.4 Method of data adjustment and indirect method of estimation of fertility indicators ...... 21 
3.4.1 Adjustment of the data ...................................................................................................... 21 
3.4.2 Indirect methods for estimation of fertility indicators .......................................................... 22 
3.4.3 Method of analysis ............................................................................................................ 23 
 
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS .............................................................................................................. 24 
4.1 Lifetime fertility ..................................................................................................................... 24 
4.1.1 Total number of children ever-born per woman (parity)..................................................... 24 
4.1.2 Total number of children ever-born at the end of reproductive life .................................... 27 
4.1.3 Family formation and rate of childbearing ......................................................................... 28 
4.1.4 Infertility and Sterility ........................................................................................................ 29 
4.2 Current fertility: Levels, Pattern, Trends and Differentials ................................................ 30 
4.2.1 Levels, pattern and trends of current fertility at the national level ...................................... 31 
4.2.2 Geographic variations of current fertility ............................................................................ 33 
4.2.3 Fertility differentials ........................................................................................................... 36 
4.3 High-risk fertility behaviours/Unsafe motherhood and premarital fertility ....................... 40 
4.3.1 High risk fertility behaviours: Adolescents? fertility ............................................................. 40 
4.3.2 High risk fertility behaviours: Late childbearing onset and late fertility ............................... 46 
4.3.3 Premarital fertility .............................................................................................................. 48 
4.4 Other fertility indices ............................................................................................................ 51 
4.4.1 Number and frequency of births in the population ............................................................. 51 
4.4.2 Trends and geographical variations of natality .................................................................. 53 
4.4.3 Replacement of the population ......................................................................................... 54 
 
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................. 56 
 
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 58 
 
ANNEXES A: FERTILITY EVALUATION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS .................................. 60 
 
ANNEXE B CENSUS OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY AND DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT . 62 
B.1 Objectives of the Census ................................................................................................. 62 
B.2 Methodology and Census phases .................................................................................... 62 
B.2.1 Census mapping ........................................................................................................... 63 
B.2.2 Pilot Census ................................................................................................................. 63 
B.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals ........................................................................................ 63 
B.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign ................................................................ 64 
B.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff ............................................................................ 64 
B.2.6 Actual Census enumeration .......................................................................................... 65 
B.2.7 Post-enumeration activities ........................................................................................... 66 
B.3 Data quality assessment .................................................................................................. 66
ANNEXES C CENSUS QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................................... 68 
C.1 Private households: person record ......................................................................................... 89 
C.2 Private households: household record and mortality record .................................................... 93 
C.3 Institutional households: person record .................................................................................. 94 
ANNEXES D GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................. 97 
D.1 Population and demographic characteristics .......................................................................... 97 
D.2 Housing and household characteristics .................................................................................. 98 
D.3 Education ............................................................................................................................... 99 
D.4 Employment/economic activity ............................................................................................. 100 
D.5 Socio-cultural characteristics ................................................................................................ 101]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-gender.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Gender]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Gender]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is a thematic report about gender]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of tables  viii 
List of figures  xi 
List of abbreviations  xii 
Foreword                                                                                                                                        xiii 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                       xv 
Executive summary  xvii 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1  Context  3 
2.1.1  Socio-cultural context  3 
2.1.2  Socio-economic context  3 
2.1.3  Socio-political context  3 
2.1.4  Regional and international context  4 
2.2  Objectives  4 
2.3  Definition of the basic concepts  5 
Chapter 3: Size and evolution of the female population compared to male  8 
3.1  Size of the female population compared to male  8 
3.2  Evolution of the female population size compared to male  8 
Chapter  4:  Age  distribution,  spatial  distribution  and  migration  of  the  female  population compared to male  11 
4.1  Spatial distribution of the female population compared to male  11 
4.2  Age–sex distribution of the female population compared to male  11 
4.3  Women’s migration compared to men’s  15 
Chapter 5: Socio-cultural background characteristics of the female population compared to male  18 
5.1  Distribution of the female population by nationality compared to male  18 
5.2  Distribution of the female population by religious affiliation compared to male  18 
Chapter 6: Marital status, nuptiality and fertility  20 
6.1  Marital status of the female population compared to males  20 
6.2  Nuptiality of the female population compared to male  22 
6.3  Fertility among women  22 
Chapter  7:  School  attendance,  level  of  education  and  literacy  among  the  female population compared to male  24 
7.1  School attendance among girls compared to boys  24 
7.2  Women’s educational level compared to men’s  25 
7.3  Gender parity  28 
7.4  Highest qualification obtained by females compared to males  29 
7.5  Women’s literacy compared to men’s  30 
Chapter 8: Women’s economic activity compared to men’s  32 
8.1  Economic activity status  32 
8.2  Labour force participation  32 
8.3  Employment and unemployment  35 
8.4  Occupation  38 
8.5  Status in employment  40 
8.6  Main industry  40 
8.7  Institutional sector of employment  43 
8.7      Composition of the economically inactive female population compared with male  44 
Chapter  9:  Household  headship,  characteristics  of  household  heads  and  living conditions of their households  46 
9.1  Household headship rates among women compared to men  46 
9.2  Characteristics of female heads of household compared to male  47 
9.3  Characteristics and living conditions of households headed by  women compared to those headed by men  48 
Chapter 10: Disability and Medical Insurance of women compared to men  53 
10.1  Prevalence and causes of disabilities among women compared to men  53 
10.2  Women’s access to health insurance compared to men’s  58 
Chapter 11: Birth registration and family environment of girls compared to boys  60 
11.1  Birth registration of girls compared to boys  60 
11.2  Survivorship of girls’ biological parents compared to boys’  61 
11.3  Girls’ cohabitation with their biological parents compared to boys’  62 
Conclusion  63 
References  65 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  66 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  66 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  67 
A.2.1  Census mapping  67 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  67 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  67 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  68 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  68 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  69 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  70 
A.3  Data quality assessment  70 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  71 
B.1  Private households: person record  72 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  73 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  74 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  76 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  76 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  78 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  79 
C.4  Education  79 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  81 
C.6  Socio-cultural characteristics  82 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  83 
Annex E  Sector-level tables  93]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-household-and-housing.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Characteristics of Households and Housing]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Characteristics of Households and Housing]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is a census thematic report about characteristics of households and housing]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of tables  iii 
List of figures  vii 
List of abbreviations  xi 
Foreword                                                                                                                                        xiii 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                       xv  
Executive summary  xvii 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1 Context  3 
2.2  Objectives  5 
2.3  Methodology  5 
2.4  Definition of basic concepts  5 
Chapter 3: Number, spatial distribution and evolution of the households between 1978 and 2012  9 
3.1  Number and spatial distribution of private households  9 
3.2  Evolution between 1978 and 2012 in the number and spatial distribution of households  12 
Chapter 4: Private household headship rates by age and sex and background 
characteristics of households heads  13 
4.1  Distribution of the head of household by sex, age and area of residence  13 
4.2  Household headship rate by sex, age and area of residence  15 
4.3  Background characteristics of household heads  16 
Chapter 5: Size, type and structure of private households  23 
5.1  Size of households  23 
5.2  Types of private households  25 
5.3  Structure of private households  35 
5.4  Dependency ratios  38 
Chapter 6: Households’ ownership of livestock  41 
6.1  Households’ ownership of livestock  41 
6.1.1  Prevalence of livestock ownership among private households  41 
6.1.2  Number of livestock owned by private households  42 
Chapter 7: Types of habitat, occupation arrangements and housing tenure  46 
7.1  Type of habitat  46 
7.2  Type of building/living arrangement  50 
7.3  Housing tenure  53 
Chapter 8: Physical characteristics of the main buildings used by households  57 
8.1  Main material of the walls  57 
8.2  Main material of the roof  62 
8.3  Main material of the floor  66 
8.4  Residential promiscuity  70 
Chapter 9: Households’ access to water, sanitation, hygienic facilities and energy  73 
9.1  Households’ access to water, sanitation and hygiene  73 
9.1.1  Main sources of water  73 
9.1.2  Types of toilet facilities  79 
9.1.3  Modes of sewage disposal  82 
9.1.4  Modes of waste disposal  85 
9.2  Sources of energy for lighting and cooking  87 
9.2.1  Sources of energy for lighting  87 
Chapter 10: Households’ ownership of specific assets  97 
10.1  Ownership of ICT devices  97 
10.2  Households’ access to the Internet  100 
10.2.1  Prevalence of households with access to the Internet  100 
10.2.2  Places used to access the Internet  102 
10.3  Ownership of means of transport  103 
Conclusion  106 
References  108 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  110 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  110 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  110 
A.2.1  Census mapping  111 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  111 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  111 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  112 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  112 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  113 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  113 
A.3  Data quality assessment  114 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  115 
B.1  Private households: person record  116 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  120 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  121 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  124 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  124 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  125 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  126 
C.4  Education  126 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  128 
C.6  Socio-cultural characteristics  129 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  130 
Annex E  Sector-level tables  166]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-labour-force.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Labour Force Participation]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Labour Force Participation]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is a thematic report on labour Force Participation]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of tables  vii 
List of figures  x 
List of abbreviations  xi 
Foreword                                                                                                                                          xiii 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                          xv 
Executive summary  xvii 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1  Context  3 
2.1.1  National economic context  3 
2.1.2  National employment policy, strategies and legal framework context  4 
2.2  Background of Rwanda?s labour force  5 
2.2.1  Active population  5 
2.2.2  Inactive population  7 
2.3  Objectives  7 
2.4  Methodology  7 
2.4.1  The RPHC4 questionnaire  7 
2.4.2  Definition of key indicators  9 
2.4.3  Limitations  10 
2.4.4  Labour force framework  11 
Chapter 3: Size and composition of the working-age population and labour force participation  12 
3.1  Size and composition of the active and inactive populations  12 
3.2  Evolution of working-age population and active population from 1978 to 2012  15 
3.3  Refined activity rate  15 
3.4  Economic dependency ratio  16 
3.5  Labour  force  participation  rate,  employment  to  population  ratio,  and  unemployment rate  19 
3.5.1  Labour force participation by age group and sex  19 
3.5.2  Labour force participation by area of residence and sex  22 
3.5.3  Labour force participation and marital status  23 
3.5.4  Labour force participation and level of education  24 
3.5.5  Labour force participation and highest degree obtained  26 
3.5.6  Labour force participation and nationality  28 
3.5.7  Labour force participation and disability  29 
Chapter 4: Characteristics of the active population  31 
4.1  Description and evolution of the active population  31 
4.1.1  Distribution of the active population by employment status  31 
4.1.2  Distribution of the active population by sex  31 
4.1.3  Evolution of the active population between 1978 and 2012  32 
4.2  Employed population  33 
4.2.1  Spatial  distribution,  age–sex  structure  and  background  characteristics  of  the 
currently employed population  33 
4.2.2  Main occupation  39 
4.2.3  Employment status  46 
4.2.4  Institutional sector of employment  47 
4.2.5  Branch of economic activity  48 
4.3  Unemployed population  52 
4.3.1  Size and composition of the unemployed population  52 
4.3.2  Spatial distribution of the unemployed population aged 16 and above  53 
4.3.3  Age–sex structure and background characteristics of the unemployed population  55 
Chapter 5: Characteristics of the inactive population  62 
5.1  Composition and spatial distribution of the inactive population  62 
5.2  Age–sex structure of the inactive population  63 
5.3  Background characteristics of the inactive population  65 
Conclusion  68 
References  70 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  71 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  71 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  72 
A.2.1  Census mapping  72 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  72 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  72 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  73 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  73 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  74 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  75 
A.3  Data quality assessment  75 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  77 
B.1  Private households: person record  78 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  82 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  83 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  86 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  86 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  88 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  89 
C.4  Education  90 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  91 
C.6  Socio-cultural characteristics  93 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  94 
Annex E  Sector-level tables  121]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-marital-status-and-nuptiality.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Marital Status and Nuptiality]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Marital Status and Nuptiality]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This thematic report  report is about  marital status and nuptiality]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[Table of contents  v 
Foreword                                                                                                                                           xi 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                        xiii 
Executive summary  xv 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1 Context  3 
2.1.1 Socio-cultural context  3 
2.1.2 Legal context  5 
2.13 Historical context  5 
2.2 Objectives of the analysis  5 
2.3 Methodology  6 
2.4 Definition of main concepts  6 
Chapter 3: Marital status of the population and its evolution since 1978  8 
3.1 Marital status by sex  8 
3.2 Marital status by age  9 
3.3 Marital status according to place of residence  11 
3.4 Marital status and socio-economic and cultural factors  12 
3.4.1 Marital status and education  12 
3.4.2. Marital status and religion  14 
3.4.3 Marital status and economic activity status  15 
3.5 The evolution of marital status  16 
Chapter 4: Nuptiality  17 
4.1 Introduction to nuptiality  17 
4.1.1 Construction of a nuptiality table  17 
4.1.2 Indicators of nuptiality  18 
4.2 Male and female nuptiality tables  18 
4.2.1. Male and female nuptiality at national level  18 
4.2.2. Nuptiality tables by area of residence  20 
4.3 Mean age at first marriage  22 
4.3.1 Age at first marriage: national, urban/rural and province levels  22 
4.3.2 Age at first marriage and religion  23 
4.3.3 Age at first marriage and education  24 
4.4 Evolution of the mean age at first marriage and the proportion of people who have never married  24 
4.5 International comparisons  25 
Chapter 5: Polygamy  26 
5.1 Geographical variations in polygamy  26 
5.2 Evolution of polygamy between 1978 and 2012  26 
5.3 Variations in polygamous unions with age  27 
5.4 Polygamy and socio-economic and cultural factors  28 
5.4.1 Polygamy and religious affiliation  28 
5.4.2 Polygamy and education  29 
5.5 Women in polygamous unions  30 
Chapter 6: The formerly married population  31 
6.1 Formerly married population by place of residence and province  31 
6.2 Distribution of formerly married population by age  32 
6.3 Formerly married people and socio-economic and cultural factors  33 
6.3.1 Religious affiliation  33 
6.3.2 Education  34 
6.3.3 Economic activity  34 
6.4 Evolution of formerly married people trends between 1978 and 2012  35 
Conclusion  37 
References  38 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  39 
A.1 Objectives of the Census  39 
A.2 Methodology and Census phases  39 
A.2.1  Census mapping  40 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  40 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  40 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  41 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  41 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  42 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  42 
A.3 Data quality assessment  43 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  44 
B.1 Private households: person record  45 
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record  49 
B.3 Institutional households: person record  50 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  53 
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics  53 
C.2 Housing and household characteristics  55 
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility  56 
C.4 Education  56 
C.5 Employment/economic activity  58 
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics  59 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  60 
Annex E  Computation of the singulate mean age at first marriage  62 
Annex F  Sector-level tables  63]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-measurement-and-mapping-of-non-monetary-poverty.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Measurement and Mapping of Non-Monetary Poverty]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Measurement and Mapping of Non-Monetary Poverty]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This thematic report is about non-monetary poverty]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of tables  vii 
List of figures  ix 
List of abbreviations  x 
Foreword                                                                                                                                          xi 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                      xiii  
Executive summary  xv 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, justification and objectives of the analysis  3 
2.1  Context  3 
2.1.1  National policy on poverty  3 
2.1.2  Measurement of poverty  3 
2.1.3  Past MPI results for the East African Community  4 
2.2  Justification  5 
2.3  Objectives  6 
Chapter 3: Methodology  7 
3.1  International standard methodology for MPI  7 
3.2  Modifications to the MPI methodology for the RPHC4  8 
3.3  Results for MPI indicators and triangulation with other data sources  10 
Chapter 4: Non-monetary poverty at the provincial, district and sector levels  12 
4.1 Non-monetary poverty status by province and urban/rural areas  12 
4.2 Non-monetary poverty status by district  14 
4.3 Non-monetary poverty status by sector  16 
4.4 Evolution of non-monetary poverty between 2002 and 2012  17 
Chapter 5: Household characteristics by poverty status  20 
5.1  Poverty and household characteristics  20 
5.2  Poverty and characteristics of the household head  26 
Chapter 6: Individual characteristics by poverty status  32 
6.1  Poverty, age and sex  32 
6.2  Poverty and economic activity  32 
6.3  Poverty and migration  36 
Chapter 7: Multidimensional Poverty Index  38 
7.1  MPI at the provincial and district levels  38 
7.2  MPI at sector level  42 
Conclusion  43 
References  44 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  45 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  45 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  45 
A.2.1  Census mapping  45 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  46 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  46 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  46 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  47 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  47 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  48 
A.3  Data quality assessment  49 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  50 
B.1  Private households: person record  51 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  55 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  56 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  59 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  59 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  60 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  61 
C.4  Education  62 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  63 
Annex D  Additional tables  65]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-migration.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Migration and Spatial Mobility]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Migration and Spatial Mobility]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[this report is about migration and spatial mobility]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[Table of contents  v 
List of tables  vii 
List of figures  xii 
List of abbreviations  xiii 
Foreword                                                                                                                                         xv 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                     xvii 
Executive summary  xix 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1 Introduction  3 
2.2 Context  3 
2.3 Objectives  4 
2.4 Methodology  4 
2.5 Definition of basic concepts and indicators  5 
Chapter 3: Migration stocks and flows  7 
3.1 Lifetime migration  7 
3.2 Recent migration  11 
Chapter 4: Characteristics of the migrant population  16 
4.1 Characteristics of the lifetime migrant population  16 
4.2 Characteristics of the recent migrant population  21 
Chapter 5: Internal migration  25 
5.1 Origin of internal migrants  25 
5.2 Destination of internal migrants  27 
5.3 Migration effectiveness  30 
Chapter 6: International immigration  34 
6.1 Characteristics of international lifetime immigration  34 
6.2 Characteristics of recent international immigration  38 
Conclusion  41 
References  42 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  43 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  43 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  43 
A.3  Data quality assessment  47 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  48 
B.1  Private households: person record  49 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  53 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  54 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  57 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  57 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  59 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  60 
C.4  Education  60 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  62 
C.6  Socio-cultural characteristics  63 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  64]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-mortality.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Mortality]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Mortality]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This thematic report is about mortality]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of Tables  vii 
List of Figures  viii 
List of Abbreviations  ix 
Foreword                                                                                                                                        xi 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                     xiii 
Executive Summary  xv 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context and objectives of the analysis  3 
2.1 Introduction  3 
2.2 Objectives of the analysis  3 
2.3 Background and determinants of health in Rwanda  4 
2.3.1 Geographic context  4 
Chapter 3: Methodology  13 
3.1 Definition of concepts  13 
3.2 Data collection method and information collected  14 
3.3 Data Quality Evaluation  15 
3.3.1 Identification of the biases that affect the data  15 
3.3.2 Evaluation of the completeness of the overall death reporting  16 
3.3.4 Evaluation of the completeness of the death reporting by sex  17 
3.3.5 Evaluation of the completeness and accuracy of the deaths reporting by age  18 
3.3.6 Evaluation of the completeness and accuracy of the infant death reporting  19 
3.3.7 Evaluation of the declaration of the causes of deaths  21 
3.4 Adjustment of the data and description of the indirect methods  21 
Chapter 4: Findings  23 
4.1 Mortality among the general population  23 
4.1.1 Number and frequency of deaths among the population and their evolution since 1978  23 
4.1.2 The mortality pattern in Rwanda  26 
4.1.3 The life tables and the life expectancy: current level and past evolution  28 
4.2 Early childhood mortality  34 
4.2.1 Level of childhood Mortality  34 
4.2.2 Evolution of childhood Mortality  35 
4.2.3 Sex differentials in childhood mortality evolution  36 
4.3 Mortality among the Adult and the Elderly  39 
4.3.1 Adult mortality: current level  39 
4.3.2 Mortality at late age: Current level  40 
Conclusion  41 
References  44 
Annex A: Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  45 
A.1 Objectives of the Census  45 
A.2 Methodology and Census phases  46 
A.2.1 Census mapping  46 
A.2.2 Pilot Census  46 
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals  46 
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  47 
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff  47 
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration  48 
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities  49 
A.3 Data quality assessment  50 
Annex B Census questionnaire  51 
B.1 Private households: person record  52 
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record  56 
B.3 Institutional households: person record  57 
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions  60 
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics  60 
C.2 Housing and household characteristics  62 
C.3 Education  63 
C.4 Employment/economic activity  64 
C.5 Socio-cultural characteristics  65]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-socio-economic-status-of-children.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Socio-economic Status of Children]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Socio-economic Status of Children]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This thematic report is about socio-economic status of children as shown by the Fourth Rwanda Populationa and Housing Census]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[Table of contents  v 
List of tables  vii 
List of figures  x 
List of abbreviations  xi 
Foreword                                                                                                                                        xiii 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                       xv  
Executive summary  xvii 
 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1  Context  3 
2.1.1  Role of children in traditional Rwandan society and its evolution over time  3 
2.1.2  Background to the evolution of children?s rights  3 
2.1.3  National efforts since the World Summit for Children  4 
2.1.4  Orphans and vulnerable children  5 
2.2  Objectives  6 
2.3  Data sources and methodology  7 
2.4  Definition of the basic concepts  7 
2.4.1  What is a child?  8 
2.4.2  Adolescent  8 
2.4.3  Youth  8 
2.4.4  Orphan  8 
2.4.5  Vulnerable children  8 
2.4.6  Child labour and children in employment  8 
 
Chapter 3: Size and structure of the child population  10 
3.1  Size of the child population and its evolution since 1978  10 
3.1.1  Size of the child population  10 
3.1.2  Evolution between 1978 and 2012 in size of the child population  12 
3.2  Age–sex structure and spatial distribution of the child population  14 
3.2.1  Spatial distribution of the child population  14 
3.2.2  Age structure of the child population  14 
 
Chapter 4: Population dynamics affecting the child population  17 
4.1  Marital status of children  17 
4.2  Fertility among female children  18 
4.3  Childrens migration experience  19 

Chapter 5: Educational characteristics of the child population  24 
5.1  School attendance among the child population  24 
Chapter 6: Economic activity of the child population  29 
6.1  Economic activity status and labour force participation  29 
6.2  Status in employment  31 
6.3  Main occupation and main industry of economic activity  32 
6.4  School attendance of children in employment  34 
 
Chapter 7: Vulnerable children, living arrangements and children’s health  36 
7.1  Birth registration  36 
7.2  Living arrangements of children and orphan children  37 
7.3  Household headship among the child population  41 
7.4  Disability among children and children?s access to health care  45 
Conclusion  49 
References  51 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  53 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  53 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  53 
A.2.1  Census mapping  53 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  54 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  54 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  54 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  55 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  56 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  56 
A.3  Data quality assessment  57 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  58 
B.1  Private households: person record  59 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  63 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  64 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  67 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  67 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  68 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  69 
C.4  Education  70 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  71 
C.6  Socio-cultural characteristics  72 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  73 
Annex E  Sector-level tables  93 
Annex F  Child-related policies  100]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-socio-economic-status-of-youth.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Socio-economic Status of Youth]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Socio-economic Status of Youth]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This thematic report is about youth]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of tables  vii 
List of figures  xi 
List of abbreviations  xii 
Foreword                                                                                                                                         xv 
Acknowledgements                                                                                                                     xvii 
Executive summary  xix 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1  General context  3 
2.1.1  Regional and country context  3 
2.1.2  Overview of the youth sector in Rwanda  5 
2.2  Objectives of the thematic report  6 
2.3  Methodology and definition of the basic concepts  6 
2.3.1  Methodology  6 
2.3.2  Definition of „youth?/„young people?  7 
Chapter 3: Size of the youth population and its evolution since 2002  9 
3.1  Size of the youth population  9 
3.2  Evolution between 2002 and 2012  12 
Chapter 4: Socio-demographic characteristics of the youth population  13 
4.1  Spatial distribution and age–sex structure of the youth population  13 
4.2  Migration experience of young people  16 
4.3  Marital status, nuptiality and fertility  24 
4.4  Fertility among young women  26 
4.5  Prevalence and causes of disability among youth  28 
4.6  Young people?s access to health insurance  30 
Chapter 5: Socio-cultural characteristics of the youth  32 
5.1  Distribution of the youth population by nationality  32 
5.2  Distribution of young people by religious affiliation  33 
Chapter 6: School attendance, level of education and literacy among the youth  34 
6.1  School attendance  34 
6.2  Highest level of education attended among the youth  36 
6.3  Highest qualification/certificate obtained  37 
6.4  Youth literacy  38 
Chapter 7: Economic activity of the youth  41 
7.1  Economic activity status and composition of inactive youth  41 
7.2  Youth Labour Force Participation  42 
7.3  Status in employment  48 
7.4  Institutional sector of employment  49 
7.5  Main occupation  50 
7.6  Main industry  52 
Chapter  8: Youth household headship, characteristics of young household heads and the living conditions of their households  54 
8.1  Household headship rates  54 
8.2  Profile of young household heads and their households  54 
Conclusion  59 
References  63 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  65 
A.1  Objectives of the Census  65 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  65 
A.2.1  Census mapping  66 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  66 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  66 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  67 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  67 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  68 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  69 
A.3  Data quality assessment  69 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  70 
B.1  Private households: person record  71 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  75 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  76 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  79 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  79 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  81 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  81 
C.4  Education  82 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  83 
C.6  Socio-cultural characteristics  84 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  86 
Annex E  Sector-level tables  114]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-socio-cultural-characteristics-of-the-population.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Socio-cultural Characteristics of the Population]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Socio-cultural Characteristics of the Population]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Report [doc/rep]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This report is about socio-cultural characteristics of the population.]]></dc:description><dcterms:tableOfContents><![CDATA[List of tables  vii 
List of figures  ix 
List of abbreviations  x 
Foreword                                                                                                                                          xi 
Acknowledgement                                                                                                                        xiii 
Executive Summary  xv 
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census  1 
1.1 Context and justification  1 
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks  1 
1.3 Census phases  2 
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis  3 
2.1 Context  3 
2.1.1 Socio-cultural context  3 
2.1.2 Nationality  3 
2.1.3 Religious affiliation  3 
2.2 Objectives of the analysis  4 
2.3 Methodology of the analysis  4 
2.4 Definition of key concepts  4 
2.4.1 Religion  5 
2.4.2 Nationality  6 
Chapter 3: Nationality  8 
3.1 Distribution of the resident population by nationality by area of residence and sex  8 
3.2 Distribution of the resident population by nationality by province and sex  10 
3.3 Distribution of the foreign resident population by sex and age group  11 
3.4 Distribution of the different nationalities by religious affiliation  12 
3.5 Background characteristics of the resident population by nationality  13 
3.5.1 Current marital status and nationality  13 
3.5.2 Level of education and nationality  13 
3.5.3 Economic activity status and nationality  14 
3.5.4 Occupation and nationality  15 
Chapter 4: Religion  16 
4.1 Religious affiliation of the resident population by sex and area of residence  16 
4.2 Evolution between 1978 and 2012 of the distribution of the resident population by religious affiliation  18 
4.3 Age and sex structure and spatial distribution of the population by religious affiliation  18 
4.4 Background characteristics of the resident population by religious affiliation  20 
4.4.1 Current marital status and religious affiliation  20 
4.4.3 Level of education and religious affiliation  20 
4.4.4 Economic activity status and religious affiliation  22 
4.4.5 Occupation and religious affiliation  23 
Conclusion  24 
References  25 
Annex A  Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment  26
A.1  Objectives of the Census  26 
A.2  Methodology and Census phases  26 
A.2.1  Census mapping  26 
A.2.2  Pilot Census  27 
A.2.3  Questionnaires and manuals  27 
A.2.4  Census publicity and sensitisation campaign  27 
A.2.5  Recruitment and training of field staff  28 
A.2.6  Actual Census enumeration  29 
A.2.7  Post-enumeration activities  29 
A.3  Data quality assessment  30 
Annex B  Census questionnaire  31 
B.1  Private households: person record  32 
B.2  Private households: household record and mortality record  36 
B.3  Institutional households: person record  37 
Annex C  Glossary of key terms and definitions  40 
C.1  Population and demographic characteristics  40 
C.2  Housing and household characteristics  42 
C.3  Migration and spatial mobility  43 
C.4  Education  43 
C.5  Employment/economic activity  45 
C.6  Socio-cultural characteristics  46 
Annex D  Supplementary tables  47 
Annex E  Sector-level tables  58]]></dcterms:tableOfContents></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rhpc-2012-edit-specs-20120405.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Rwanda PHC4 2012 - Edit Specifications]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Rwanda PHC4 2012 - Edit Specifications]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:contributor><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:contributor><dcterms:created>2012-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[These are the editing instructions for the data]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-call-back-revisit.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[[Call back visit letter]]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[[Call back visit letter]]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Administrative [doc/adm]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the letter provided to the household repondent on return visits to the household]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-003-enumerators-manual-kiny.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Agatabo k’amabwiriza y’umukarani w’ibarura]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Agatabo k’amabwiriza y’umukarani w’ibarura]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-08-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the manual for enumerators in the field]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-004-supervisors-manual-eng.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Team supervisor’s manual]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Team supervisor’s manual]]></dc:title><dcterms:created>2012-08-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-004-supervisors-manual-kiny.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Agatabo k’amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’udupande tw’ibarura]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Agatabo k’amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’udupande tw’ibarura]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-08-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the supervisor's manual]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-006-sector-controllers-manual-kiny.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Agatabo k’ amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’umurenge]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Agatabo k’ amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’umurenge]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the manual for supervisors at the sector level]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-007-zone-supervisors-manual-kiny.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Agatabo k’ amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’agace k’igenzura]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Agatabo k’ amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’agace k’igenzura]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-01-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the manual for supervisors of zones (combined sectors)]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-008-district-coordinators-manual-kiny.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Agatabo k’amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’akarere]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Agatabo k’amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’akarere]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-02-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the manual for district coordinators]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-009-province-coordinators-manual-kiny.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Agatabo k’ amabwiriza agenewe umuhuzabikorwa w’ibarura rusange ku rwego rw’intara]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Agatabo k’ amabwiriza agenewe umuhuzabikorwa w’ibarura rusange ku rwego rw’intara]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-02-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the manual for provincial coordinators]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-data-entry-manual-eng.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Data entry user manual]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Data entry user manual]]></dc:title><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-08-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This is the manual for the data entry team]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-census-campaign-billboards.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Census Campaign Billboards]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Census Campaign Billboards]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-06-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Photo [pic]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[These communication materials  were used in the Fourth Population and Housing Census campaign as billboards.]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-census-campaign-banner.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Census Campaign Banner]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Census Campaign Banner]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-06-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Photo [pic]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This banner was used in the census campaign]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-census-campaign- posters.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Census Campaign Poster]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Census Campaign Poster]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-06-01</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Photo [pic]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This poster was used as communication material in the census campaign.]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o9Fk6JLKIAs"><rdf:label><![CDATA[2012 Population and Housing Census Monitoring: Census Command and Control Centre (VIDEO)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[2012 Population and Housing Census Monitoring: Census Command and Control Centre (VIDEO)]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[NISR]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2014-04-22</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, HTML [text/html]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Video [vid]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This video is about SMS and GIS technologies used to monitor 2012 Rwanda Population and Housing Census field work and respond swiftly to emergencies on field.]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-description-of-the-public use sample-10% -data-file.pdf"><rdf:label><![CDATA[description of  10% public use sample data file]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[description of  10% public use sample data file]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2012-07-25</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Document, PDF [application/pdf]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Document, Technical [doc/tec]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda [rwa]]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This statement describes 10% public use sample data file from Population and Housing Census 2012. the statement gives technical information to the users to better understand the content of microdata released, and how it can be used.]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-data-v2.sav"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Microdata for Rwanda Population and Housing Census 2012 (SPSS)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Microdata for Rwanda Population and Housing Census 2012 (SPSS)]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>8-28-2015</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Data, SPSS [application/x-spss]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Microdata File [dat/micro]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This Public Use Sample is Ten Percent (10%) Equal probability sample selected from the Private households as enumerated in the 2012 Census. Only resident household members are considered. This means that the resident population counted in institutions is exempted. The Sample file is organized in such a way that each Private household is a “case” and each household member is a “record”. 
The Sample enables users to carry out analysis on the resident population as well as the households (housing characteristics). For the later analysis the user has to select the Head of the Household (i.e. declare if p02=1). The Housing characteristics (H variables) are repeated for each household member. 
Although the sample variables match exactly with the Census Questionnaire, three additional created variables are included for the user convenience. They are 1- Age Grouping (5-year grouping); 2-Occupation (Highest level of ISCO classification) and 3- Economic Activity (Highest level of ISIC classification). The Three grouped variables correspond respectively to initial census variables P05, P25 and p27. The Variables of P25 and P27 are merely 4-digit codes without labels. If users are interested in the description of the 4-digit codes they must refer to ISCO 2008 Manual and ISIC Revision 4 Manual that are published at NISR website (www.statistics.gov.rw). 
Since the sample is self weighted the user may produce estimates (percentages, averages, ratios) using the data directly (un-weighted). However the weighted analysis must be followed if the user is interested in estimating totals, e.g. Total number of population in each province. Data analysis can be done up to the district level only using this public use sample of 2012 census.
]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rphc-2012-data-v2.zip"><rdf:label><![CDATA[Microdata for Rwanda Population and Housing Census 2012 (STATA)]]></rdf:label><dc:title><![CDATA[Microdata for Rwanda Population and Housing Census 2012 (STATA)]]></dc:title><dc:creator><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:creator><dc:publisher><![CDATA[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]]></dc:publisher><dcterms:created>8-28-2015</dcterms:created><dc:format><![CDATA[Data, Stata [application/x-stata]]]></dc:format><dc:type><![CDATA[Microdata File [dat/micro]]]></dc:type><dcterms:spatial><![CDATA[Rwanda]]></dcterms:spatial><dc:description><![CDATA[This Public Use Sample is Ten Percent (10%) Equal probability sample selected from the Private households as enumerated in the 2012 Census. Only resident household members are considered. This means that the resident population counted in institutions is exempted. The Sample file is organized in such a way that each Private household is a “case” and each household member is a “record”. 
The Sample enables users to carry out analysis on the resident population as well as the households (housing characteristics). For the later analysis the user has to select the Head of the Household (i.e. declare if p02=1). The Housing characteristics (H variables) are repeated for each household member. 
Although the sample variables match exactly with the Census Questionnaire, three additional created variables are included for the user convenience. They are 1- Age Grouping (5-year grouping); 2-Occupation (Highest level of ISCO classification) and 3- Economic Activity (Highest level of ISIC classification). The Three grouped variables correspond respectively to initial census variables P05, P25 and p27. The Variables of P25 and P27 are merely 4-digit codes without labels. If users are interested in the description of the 4-digit codes they must refer to ISCO 2008 Manual and ISIC Revision 4 Manual that are published at NISR website (www.statistics.gov.rw). 
Since the sample is self weighted the user may produce estimates (percentages, averages, ratios) using the data directly (un-weighted). However the weighted analysis must be followed if the user is interested in estimating totals, e.g. Total number of population in each province. Data analysis can be done up to the district level only using this public use sample of 2012 census.
]]></dc:description></rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>